Systems, Methods, And Computer Program Products For Providing A Learning Aid Using Pictorial Mnemonics

ABSTRACT

A system, method and computer program product for providing a learning aid using pictorial mnemonics. The method can include receiving a first input including a selection of a content topic. The method further includes displaying a first pictorial mnemonic associated with the selected topic, wherein the first pictorial mnemonic comprises one or more sub-images, and a list of one or more attributes, wherein each attribute is associated with a corresponding sub-image.

PRIORITY

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/144,760, filed May 2, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/016,016, filed Aug. 30, 2013 and now U.S. Pat.No. 9,355,569, which claims priority to and the benefit of U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 61/695,094, filed Aug. 30, 2012; witheach of the referenced applications and disclosures fully incorporatedherein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates generally to systems, methods, andcomputer programs for providing a learning aid, and more particularly,to systems, methods, and computer programs for providing a learning aidor tool using pictorial mnemonics associated with a content topic.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Students preparing for examinations, including entrance and board exams,must frequently memorize laundry lists of words, meanings, definitions,concepts, elements, relationships, associations, and examples. Manydifferent study techniques have been developed to assist a student orindividual with memorizing such lists. One such technique utilizes“pictorial mnemonics” or visual representations of study lists, as alearning aid. A pictorial mnemonic can assemble several differentelements or attributes into a single vivid illustration or snapshot.Thus, one quick snapshot or pictorial mnemonic can allow a student toassociate several attributes with a general topic.

Scientific research supports the utility and efficacy of pictorialmnemonics as learning aids. Several attempts have been made toincorporate pictorial mnemonics into commercialized products. Theseattempts include the use of sketches, drawings, picture books,flashcards, and other forms of pictorial mnemonics. These products,however, have been unsuccessful in creating an effective delivery systemand method for explaining what the pictures represent. In previousproducts, many students have found it difficult to interpret a pictorialmnemonic when presented with the pictorial mnemonic for the first time.Prior products have failed to bridge the gap between what students areseeing and what the images represent and, thus, those using suchproducts have not been able to leverage the utility of pictorialmnemonics as an effective or efficient learning aid. Instead, studentslose interest in the images and the value of the images and the visuallearning process is lost.

Accordingly, there exists a need for an electronic and interactivelearning aid that provides users with a unique and powerful contentdelivery system that effectively conveys the meaning of terms, phrases,conditions, etc., as a learning aid.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Particular embodiments of the present invention are directed to systems,methods, and computer program products for providing a learning aid ortool using pictorial mnemonics.

In one embodiment, a method for providing a learning aid using pictorialmnemonics includes receiving a first input including a selection of acontent topic. The method further includes displaying a first pictorialmnemonic associated with the selected topic, wherein the first pictorialmnemonic comprises one or more sub-images, and a list of one or moreattributes, wherein each attribute is associated with a correspondingsub-image. The method can include receiving a second input including aselection of one of the attributes. The method further includesdisplaying or highlighting, based on the input, the sub-image associatedwith the selected attribute, and outputting a description including therelationship between the selected topic, the sub-image and the selectedattribute.

In another embodiment, a device for providing a learning aid using apictorial mnemonic includes a processor, a memory coupled to theprocessor, an input device coupled to the processor, and an outputdevice coupled to the processor. The processor is configured to receiveon the input device a first input including a selection of a contenttopic. The processor is configured to display on an output device afirst pictorial mnemonic associated with the selected topic, wherein thefirst pictorial mnemonic comprises one or more sub-images, and a list ofone or more two attributes, wherein each attribute is associated with acorresponding sub-image. The processor is configured to receive from theinput device a second input including a selection of one of theattributes. The processor is further configured to display or highlighton the output device, based on the second input, the sub-imageassociated with the selected attribute. The processor can output to theoutput device a description including the relationship between theselected topic, the sub-image, and the selected attribute.

Each attribute corresponds to a sub-image. The sub-image can be a visualrepresentation of the attribute. In another aspect, the sub-image can bea representation of an item, object or thing that sounds like theattribute. In yet another aspect, the sub-image can be a visualrepresentation of an item, object or thing that is associated with theattribute.

In certain embodiments of the present invention, the sub-images can bedisplayed such that the images interact with one another. The sub-imagescan tell a story in pictures or form a narrative within the pictorialmnemonic. The sub-images can form a cohesive larger image or pictorialmnemonic.

Each pictorial mnemonic has a set of attributes, each of which cancontain details, including its hotspot coordinates within the pictorialmnemonic. Each pictorial mnemonic can be stored and presented ordisplayed as a “card,” and a plurality of cards make up a “stack.” Astack can be a subcategory of multiple cards within a broader category.For instance, exemplary broad categories under medicine can includebiochemistry, the cardiovascular system, the endocrine system,immunology, microbiology, the nervous system, pharmacology, thereproductive system, the renal system, etc. Each of these categories caninclude stack databases that delve even deeper into the category. Forexample, the biochemistry category can include stack databases on enzymedeficiencies, glycogen storage, vitamins, and the like. Further,exemplary cards within a stack, such as the vitamins stack, can includeone or more cards directed to zinc deficiency, niacin, vitamin Atoxicity, thiamine, riboflavin, etc. Other category, stack and cardcontent or topics can be implemented without deviating from the scope ofthe present invention.

As users engage with the software application, they will have a chanceto study predetermined sets of pictorial mnemonics or to create theirown sets based on their own preferences and filters. Each study sessionwill generally include a number of pictorial mnemonics and will betracked for statistical data and as part of the user's overall history,or performance. The user can also partake in a game or quiz. Each gamecan include a list of one to many users, a set of pictorial mnemonics,and the results of the game. Each pictorial mnemonic will also have alist of associated pictorial mnemonics as it relates to game play.

A library mode presents the user with a database of selectable topicsfor studying or learning in the learn mode, as well as selections foradditional topics and materials that can be purchased or otherwiseobtained via the store mode. Again, stacks of cards are displayed forselection within broader categories.

The learn mode can be the primary mode in certain embodiments of thepresent invention, and provides the user with access to the varioustopics, images, sub-images, and attributes disclosed herein forassisting the user in learning the material via the pictorial mnemonicsprovided.

The game mode allows users to test themselves on topics presented andlearned in the learn mode, via a gamified quiz. The user can selectparticular topics for a quiz, or can have the computer generate thetopics based on the selection of multiple topics, or via a randomselection generator in communication with the user's library database.

The above and other aspects and embodiments are described below withreference to the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form partof the specification, illustrate various embodiments of the presentdisclosure and, together with the description, further explain theprinciples of the disclosure and to enable a person skilled in thepertinent art to make and use the embodiments disclosed herein. In thedrawings, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionallysimilar elements.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of exemplary architecture of a communication system,in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a client device, in accordance withexemplary embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a server device, in accordance withexemplary embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating the steps of a “library mode,” inaccordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

FIGS. 5-7 are images of library mode screens in use, in accordance withexemplary embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating the steps of a “learn mode,” inaccordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 8A is a flow diagram illustrating the steps of a control region ina “learn mode,” in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the presentinvention.

FIG. 9 is an image of a base learn mode screen, in accordance withexemplary embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an image of a learn mode screen in use, including a pictorialmnemonic with a plurality of attributes and sub-images, in accordancewith exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an image of a learn mode screen in use, with a sub-image andattribute highlighted, in accordance with exemplary embodiments of thepresent invention.

FIG. 12 is a full screen image of a learn mode screen in use, inaccordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a full screen image of a learn mode screen in use, with thecontent topic displayed and the sub-images hidden to facilitate studyingby a user, in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the presentinvention.

FIG. 14 is a full screen image of a learn mode screen in use, with thecontent topic and a single sub-image displayed, in accordance withexemplary embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is an image of a learn mode screen in use, displaying a selectedsummary field, in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the presentinvention.

FIGS. 16-19 are images of a game or quiz mode in use, in accordance withexemplary embodiments of the present invention.

FIGS. 20-21 are images of learn mode screens in use, displayingnon-medical content topics, in accordance with exemplary embodiments ofthe present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to FIGS. 1-21, exemplary systems, methods, and computerprogram products for providing a learning aid or tool using pictorialmnemonics are provided. A “pictorial mnemonic” as described herein is avisual representation of one or more attributes (e.g., at least two invarious embodiments) or fact hotspots.

A pictorial mnemonic includes one or more sub-images (e.g., at least twoin various embodiments), each corresponding to an attribute or hotspot.As described herein, an “attribute” may be, for example, a fact, a word,list, element or concept related to a more general topic. For instance,as shown in FIG. 10, a list of attributes or symptoms could include“cherry red macula, “neurodegeneration,” “enlarged liver and spleen,”“foam cells,” and “sphingomyelinase deficiency” related to the topic,“Niemann-Pick disease.” In this example, the attributes or hotspots aresymptoms that are related to a disease topic. Each of the attributes orsymptoms is visually represented with a sub-image in the pictorialmnemonic for the topic of “Niemann-Pick disease.” For instance, the“cherry red macula” attribute can correspond with a sub-image of a pairof cherries in a man's eyes, “foam cells” can correspond to a sub-imageof foam coming from the man's mouth, and “sphingomyelinase deficiency”can correspond to a sub-image of a sphinx on the man's legs.

Various content topics can include common attributes and, therefore,common sub-images. For instance, numerous medical-related topics mayinclude “fever” as an attribute or symptom for a disease or illness. Assuch, a recurring sub-image can be used (stored and displayed) torepresent the “fever” attribute in multiple pictorial mnemonics. Forinstance, the “fever” sub-image can be an “orange beaver” image. Using aconsistent and recurring attribute and sub-image when applicable furtherassists the user in retaining and learning the subject topic based onfamiliarity, frequency, and common association.

The pictorial mnemonics provide a learning tool that causes the user touse their imagination to develop mental images and associations, whereina picturable equivalent from a standardized visual vocabulary ispresented as a sub-image corresponding with the attribute term orphrase.

In one embodiment, a method for providing a learning aid using pictorialmnemonics includes receiving and storing a first input including aselection of a content topic. The method further includes displaying afirst pictorial mnemonic associated with the selected topic, wherein thefirst pictorial mnemonic comprises one or more sub-images, and a list ofone or more attributes, wherein each attribute is associated with acorresponding sub-image. The method can include receiving a second inputincluding a selection of one of the attributes. The method furtherincludes displaying or highlighting, based on the input, the sub-imageassociated with the selected attribute, and outputting a descriptionincluding the relationship between the selected topic, the sub-image andthe selected attribute.

In another embodiment, a device for providing a learning aid using apictorial mnemonic includes a processor, a memory coupled to theprocessor, an input device coupled to the processor, and an outputdevice coupled to the processor. The processor is configured to receiveon the input device a first input including a selection of a contenttopic. The processor is configured to display on an output device afirst pictorial mnemonic associated with the selected topic, wherein thefirst pictorial mnemonic comprises one or more sub-images, and a list ofone or more two attributes, wherein each attribute is associated with acorresponding sub-image. The processor is configured to receive from theinput device a second input including a selection of one of theattributes. The processor is further configured to display or highlighton the output device, based on the second input, the sub-imageassociated with the selected attribute. The processor can output to theoutput device a description including the relationship between theselected topic, the sub-image, and the selected attribute.

In certain embodiments of the present invention, each attributecorresponds or links in memory to a sub-image. In one aspect, thesub-image can be a visual representation of the attribute. In anotheraspect, the sub-image can be a representation of an item, object orthing that sounds like the attribute. In yet another aspect, thesub-image can be a visual representation of an item, object or thingthat is associated with the attribute.

The sub-images can be displayed such that the images interact with oneanother. The sub-images can tell a story in pictures or form a narrativewithin the pictorial mnemonic. The sub-images can form a cohesive largerimage or pictorial mnemonic. In another aspect, the sub-images are notdirectly related and simply are displayed within a larger image orpictorial mnemonic.

Referring now to FIG. 1, an exemplary architecture of a communicationsystem in accordance with embodiments of the present invention isillustrated. System 100 includes at least one web server 110 that isconfigured to communicate with one or more client user devices 105through a communications network 104 (e.g., the internet). Examples ofclient user devices include a computer 120 (e.g., laptop or desktop), atablet 125 (e.g., an iPad), and a mobile device 130 (e.g., asmartphone). The system, method and computer program product of thepresent invention can, for example, be deployed as a client-serverimplementation, as an ASP model, or as a standalone application runningon a user device 105. In certain embodiments the program or software isa “web app,” such as an HTML5 app.

The client user device 105 can be configured to communicate with one ormore web servers 110 via the network 104. Servers 110 are configured togenerate, maintain, and host the computer program product in oneembodiment. The servers 110 generate, maintain and host web pages (e.g.,HTML documents) that embody the present invention. The servers 110include services associated with rendering dynamic web pages, such asdata storage services, security services, etc. Accordingly, servers 110can include a conventional hardware arrangement and can be outfittedwith software and/or firmware for performing web server functions forperforming aspects of the present invention, such as, for example,javascript/jquery, HTML5, CSS2/3, and facilities for SSL, MySQL, PHP,SOAP, etc.

Servers 110 may be coupled with a data storage facility, which mayinclude one or more local or remote memory systems or units, and caninclude one or more databases and/or file systems for storing data,media, graphics, HTML documents, XML documents, etc.

Servers 110 can be configured to include an admin function, whichenables an administrator to perform system-related functions. Thesystem-related functions can include maintaining user records,performing upgrades on the software and topic content, and themoderation of tasks, quiz aggregation, comparative user performance,usage statistics, performance statistics, etc.

Referring to FIG. 2, a block diagram of a device 200, such as forexample, client user device 105, computer 120, tablet 125, and mobiledevice 130, in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the presentinvention is illustrated. As shown in FIG. 2, the device 200 may includea processor 205, which may include one or more microprocessors and/orone or more circuits, such as an application specific integrated circuit(ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

The device 200 may include a network interface 225. The networkinterface 225 is configured to enable communication with a communicationnetwork, using a wired and/or wireless connection.

The device 200 may include memory 220, such as non-transitive, which mayinclude one or more non-volatile storage devices and/or one or morevolatile storage devices (e.g., random access memory (RAM)). Ininstances where the device 200 includes a microprocessor, computerreadable program code may be stored in a computer readable medium ormemory, such as, but not limited to magnetic media (e.g., a hard disk),optical media (e.g., a OVO), memory devices (e.g., random access memory,flash memory), etc. The computer program or software code can be storedon a tangible, or non-transitive, machine-readable medium or memory. Insome embodiments, computer readable program code is configured such thatwhen executed by a processor, the code causes the device to perform thesteps described below and herein. In other embodiments, the device isconfigured to perform steps described below without the need for code.

It will be recognized by one skilled in the art that these operations,algorithms, logic, method steps, routines, sub-routines, and modules maybe implemented in software, in firmware, in special purpose digitallogic, and any combination thereof without deviating from the spirit andscope of the present invention as recited within the claims attachedhereto.

The device 200 may include an input device 210. The input device isconfigured to receive an input from either a user or a hardware orsoftware component. Examples of an input device 210 include a keyboard,mouse, microphone, touch screen and software enabling interaction with atouch screen, etc. The device can also include an output device 215.Examples of output devices 215 include monitors, televisions, mobiledevice screens, tablet screens, speakers, remote screens, etc. Theoutput device 215 can be configured to display images, media files,text, or video, or play audio to a user through speaker output.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a block diagram of a server in accordance withexemplary embodiments of the present invention is illustrated. As shownin FIG. 3, the server 300 may include a network interface 315 fortransmitting and receiving data, a processor 305 for controllingoperation of the server device 300, and a memory 310 for storingcomputer readable instructions (e.g., software) and data. The networkinterface 315 and memory 310 are coupled to and communicate with theprocessor 305, which controls their operation and the flow of data andfunctionality between them. In various embodiments inputs can come fromthe device 200, to the server 300, via the network interface 315.Processing can occur at the server 300, at the device 200, or at both.

Processor 305 may include one or more microprocessors, and/or one ormore circuits, such as an application specific integrated circuit(ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc. Network interface225 can be configured to enable communication with a communicationnetwork, using a wired and/or wireless connection. Memory 310 caninclude one or more non-volatile storage devices and/or one or morevolatile storage devices (e.g., random access memory (RAM)). Ininstances where server system 300 includes a microprocessor, computerreadable program code may be stored in a computer readable medium, suchas, but not limited to magnetic media (e.g., a hard disk), optical media(e.g., a DVD), memory devices (e.g., herein. In other embodiments, thedevice is configured to perform steps described below without the needfor code. It will be recognized by one skilled in the art that theseoperations, logic, method steps, routines, algorithms, sub-routines, andmodules may be implemented in software, in firmware, in special purposedigital logic, and any combination thereof without deviating from thespirit and scope of the present invention as recited within the claimsattached hereto.

Server 300 can be configured to include an admin function, which enablesan administrator to perform system related functions. The system-relatedfunctions can include maintaining user records, performing upgrades onthe software and topic content, moderation of tasks, quiz aggregation,comparative user performance, usage statistics, performance statistics,etc.

In various embodiments, the computer program or application can includebase selection options, including a “library” mode, a “learn” or studymode, a “store” mode, and a “game” or “quiz” mode. Each mode can be madeavailable or displayed to the user at an initial landing or “dashboard”screen, or as a selection option while the user is active in one of theother mode screens. User selection of a particular mode displayed on ascreen initiates software, algorithms and/or routines to operate themode (e.g., on the server 300 or the client devices, via the network104), including displaying content information to the user, andreceiving and processing user input within that mode.

A dashboard or user profile screen and mode can be displayed thatincludes specific details on the user, feedback input options, summarylearn and library information, as well as interactive links to promotelearning and advantageous use of the software. For instance, in oneembodiment a region of the dashboard mode or screen can include asummary of the confidence meter or values disclosed further herein,providing a chart (e.g., pie chart), table, text, or a graphrepresenting the summary of each confidence level or value for thatparticular user. Users can then see a representation of how they aredoing (e.g., number or percentage of cards that are mastered, to thosewhere the use has a low level of competency). Selecting one of theconfidence values (e.g., red or number 1, meaning a low level of comfortor competency) as a user input can cause the software to retrieve frommemory all of the cards previously tagged or flagged with thatconfidence value by the user, and initiate the learn mode for thosecards.

Each pictorial mnemonic has a set of attributes, each of which cancontain details, including its hotspot coordinates within the pictorialmnemonic. Each pictorial mnemonic can be stored and presented ordisplayed as a “card,” and a plurality of cards make up and are storedas a “stack.” A stack can be a subcategory of multiple cards within abroader category. For instance, exemplary broad categories undermedicine can include biochemistry, the cardiovascular system, theendocrine system, immunology, microbiology, the nervous system,pharmacology, the reproductive system, the renal system, etc. Each ofthese categories can include stack databases that delve even deeper intothe category. For example, the biochemistry category can include stackdatabases on enzyme deficiencies, glycogen storage, vitamins, and thelike. Further, exemplary cards within a stack, such as the vitaminsstack, can include one or more cards directed to zinc deficiency,niacin, vitamin A toxicity, thiamine, riboflavin, etc. Thecardiovascular system category can include stacks directed to the topicsof heart disorders, heart murmurs, lipid lowering drugs, and the like.The heart disorders stack can comprise linked cards including bacterialendocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, rheumatic fever, etc. Again, aplurality of cards are stored in memory and linked to each of thesestacks to organize and focus the subject matter or content from a broadcategory down to a single pictorial mnemonic or card. A myriad ofcategories can be included and stored within the software to assistusers in learning and retaining subject matter in the areas of nursing,law, biology, junior/middle high school topics, high school topics,physics, engineering, history, and so on. Any topics or data where astudent or user wishes or needs to learn and memorize characteristics,lists, attributes, or facts can be the subject matter of such a card andstack configuration implemented by the software. The examples providedare for illustrative purposes and are not intended to be limiting. Othercategory, stack and card content or topics can be implemented withoutdeviating from the scope of the present invention.

As users engage with the application, they will have a chance to studypredetermined sets of pictorial mnemonics or to create their own setsbased on their own preferences and filters. Each study session willgenerally include a plurality of pictorial mnemonics or content topicsand will be tracked for statistical data and as part of the user'soverall history and/or profile.

The library mode presents the user with a database of selectable topicsfor studying in the learn mode (e.g., stacks and cards), as well asselections for additional topics and materials that can be purchased orotherwise obtained via the store mode. Again, stacks of cards aredisplayed for selection within broader categories.

The learn mode can be the primary mode in certain embodiments of thepresent invention, and provides the user with access to the varioustopics, images, sub-images, and attributes disclosed herein to assistthe user in learning the material via the pictorial mnemonics provided.

The store mode is a selectable option for the user to purchase orotherwise add categories, stacks of cards, individual cards, orsubscriptions to the user's library database.

The game mode allows users to test themselves on topics presented andlearned in the learn mode, via a gamified quiz. The user can selectparticular topics for a quiz, or an have the computer generate thetopics based on the selection of multiple topics, or via a randomselection generator in communication with the user's library database.

Library Mode

Referring to FIG. 4, a flow diagram illustrating the method and programsteps of the “library mode” in accordance with exemplary embodiments ofthe present invention is provided. The method 400 includes receivinguser input 401, including the selection of a desired filter. A user canselect one or more categories to filter the various stacks and/or cardsstored under that category, as described above and herein. Next, thesoftware displays (e.g., via highlighting, checkmarks, isolated display,select indicia, etc.) a subset of pictorial mnemonics/topics based onthe filter input (step 402), e.g., stacks and cards associated or linkedto the stacks for the filtered category. In addition, the method 400 caninclude saving the selection of topics to memory in step 403. The usercan then toggle to the learn mode at step 404 to initiate learning ofthe selected stacks or topic cards.

Referring to FIGS. 5-7, screen shots of the software are provided asexemplary illustrations of the “library mode” operation and softwarefunctionality in use. Various regions are provided and displayed in thelibrary mode: a general selection region 420, an itemization region 421,a stack selection region 422, a card identifier region 424, and asummary selection region 426.

The general selection region 420 can include a plurality of viewing,selection and filtering options displayed and configured to receiveinput by the user. These options permit the user to easily and broadlyselect, as well as selectively view, stacks and cards for designatingtopics in the library database and storing those selections in memorysuch that they will be accessible for display and interaction in thelearn mode. A broad category select 427 is displayed such that the usercan select from various topic categories, including but not limited toMCAT content, medicine, nursing, law, biology, junior/middle high schooltopics, high school topics, physics, engineering, history, etc. Userinput can result in the display of a list, pull down menu, or graphicalgrid or tile of categories for selection. A stack and card select 428 isdisplayed and user input can toggle between a view that displays onlycards, or card lists, in the itemization region 421, or a combination ofcard lists and stacks (e.g., via stack images or other indicia) in theregion 421. A search field 430 is displayed and allows users to inputterms, phrases, or keywords to search for in the library database ofstacks and cards. The user can search for topics, attributes, and otherrelated subject matter to find relevant cards within the library. Thesoftware will conduct a search based on the entered keywords in thesearch field and display and/or list the corresponding stacks and/orcards from the database in the region 421.

The itemization region 421 can further include a plurality of columns orother distinct display or card list sections, including a checkbox orcard selection area 432, a confidence area 434, a category identifierarea 438, a sub-category identifier area 440, and a view summary area442. Each card can include an adjacent checkbox displayed in thecheckbox area 432 such that the user can select that card and store itin memory for viewing and learning in the learn mode. A selection by auser of a stack image or other stack indicia in the stack selectionregion 422 can correspondingly group each of the cards linked to thatstack. Individual cards within the stack group can be unselected viauser selection of the adjacent checkbox. Other selection inputs andtechniques known to those skilled in the art can be used with thepresent invention as well for area 432.

The region 424 or column can display a description or name for the cardtopic. The confidence area 434 can display the confidence value (andcolor) stored in memory based on the user's input during use of thelearn mode, as disclosed in greater detail below. The categoryidentifier area 438 displays the particular topic category for the card,and the sub-category identifier area 440 displays a particular topicsub-category or secondary category for the card. The view summary area442 can provide and display a time stamp indicating the last time thecard was viewed in learn mode.

The summary selection region 426 can display a summary of the variouscards selected by the user, or automatically, in the library duringoperation in the library mode. The region 426 can display text, imagesand/or numeric indicia representing the number of cards stored in memoryfor display and use in learn mode. The user can input or select specificcards via area 432 in the library and select a save option 444displayed. The selected or tagged cards are saved to memory with a usercustomizable name or identifier for retrieval and later display and useas a custom stack of cards. The user can then retrieve one or morecustom stacks from memory by selecting the custom stack select option443. This option allows users to create their own stacks for immediateor delayed use based on study needs, topic weaknesses, strengths, etc.The user selection of option 443 can display a list, icons or otherwiseprovide indicia for the user to pick and retrieve a custom stack fordisplay and use in learn mode.

FIG. 6 depicts a library mode screen shot, wherein “MCAT” study stacksand card topics are listed and displayed. FIG. 7 depicts a library modescreen shot, wherein “junior high school” content stacks and card topicsare listed and displayed. As disclosed herein, a myriad of topics andsubject areas are envisioned for incorporation into the pictorialmnemonic systems, software and methods of the present invention.

While various embodiments of the library mode are depicted in acombination image and list/column format, other embodiments can bedisplayed on the screen in an image-tile configuration, as shown in FIG.5A. Each card can be represented by a graphic or tile 435. The displayedcard and stack information disclosed herein, such as flags, confidenceindicia, time since last viewed, relevant category, and the like, can bedisplayed and receive user input/selection as with the other embodimentsof the library mode, except in a region 439 below the particular cardtile 435, or elsewhere on the screen, displaying graphics, icons and/ortext. Such embodiments can further include an access bar 437 displayedby the software proximate the card tiles 435, displaying user inputoptions for the library mode, learn mode, game mode, store, card views,profile select, etc.

Learn Mode

Referring now to FIG. 8, a flow diagram illustrating the steps of the“learn mode” in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the presentinvention is provided. In an embodiment of the present invention, method500 includes receiving from memory a topic or card selection, or topicselections (step 501), e.g., directly from the filtered input selectionsmade by the user in the library mode. Alternatively, the user can selecta topic or card from within the learn mode in certain embodiments.

Next, method 500 includes displaying at step 502 a first pictorialmnemonic associated with a selected topic, wherein the first pictorialmnemonic comprises one or more sub-images, and a list of one or more, orat least two, attributes, wherein each attribute is associated with asub-image. The first pictorial mnemonic and the list of attributes canbe displayed as two separate objects on an output device or displaydevice/screen as described herein. Alternatively, the first pictorialmnemonic and list of attributes can be displayed as one object. Incertain embodiments, the list of attributes can appear near anassociated sub-image linked in memory.

In step 503, method 500 includes receiving a second input including aselection of one of the displayed attributes. The second input can bereceived from a user or from a software or hardware component. Incertain embodiments of the present invention, a user can use an inputdevice, such as a mouse to select or click, or simply pass over, avisual or textual representation of the attribute to facilitateselection. In certain embodiments of the present invention, an algorithmcan provide (random or pre-defined) an input to select an attribute.Alternatively, an algorithm can methodically provide an input in adesired order.

Next, method 500 includes displaying, based on the second input step503, the sub-image associated with the selected attribute of step 504.In certain embodiments of the present invention, the sub-image is“zoomed” in on, enlarged or otherwise highlighted to focus on theparticular sub-image associated with the corresponding attribute.Alternatively, the sub-image can be highlighted or emphasized in asimilar manner. By displaying the sub-image, the user can learn toassociate a specific attribute with a specific sub-image.

In step 505, method 500 includes outputting or displaying a descriptionincluding the relationship between the selected topic, the correspondingor linked sub-image and the selected attribute. Examples of descriptionsoutput include displaying text on a display device or output, displayinga video on the display device, or playing audio on an audio device oroutput. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the descriptionprovides information on the relationship between the topic, thesub-image and the attributes. The description can additionally oralternatively provide information on the relationship between thepictorial mnemonic, the topic, the sub-images and the attributes.

In addition to the steps of method 500 described above and directed tothe inputs and outputs relating to the topic, attribute, and sub-imageof a pictorial mnemonic, other steps can be included to enableadditional inputs and outputs. Step 506 can include receiving user inputto select a summary of the topic. In response to the user selection ofthe topic summary, textual, graphical and/or audio information isdisplayed or outputted (e.g., in a designated region on the screen) instep 507. Steps 507 a-507 f provide exemplary information or data thatcan be outputted, including a description of the relationship betweenthe selected topic and the associated relevance to standard curricula(step 507 a), an overview description of the topic (step 507 b), adescription of the relationship between the selected topic and theassociated page number of common study resources or references (step 507c), a description of the relationship between the selected topic and thebroader category it falls into (step 507 d), a hierarchal description ofthe topic and its relationship to the other topics in the category (step507 e), and a display of the sub-image (e.g., displayed smaller)associated with the topic (step 507 f).

In addition to topic summary information, the method 500 can include astep 508 to receive user input selection of a “topic flag” option. Whena user selects a visual flag option 531 for a particular card, thesoftware stores a corresponding flag to memory so that such cards can besorted by, and are displayed in the library with a flag or like indicia.The user can use this information to go back and work on cards ofparticular interest, those that require additional focus or learningtime, or that are of relevance or import. This input selection can causethe software to store in memory that the topic flag was selected (e.g.,flag=yes) at step 509, and display the selected topic flag 531 with ahighlighted (e.g., engaged or depressed button) visual depiction, or anyother representation to highlight or emphasize its selection, at step510.

Step 511 of the method 500 is configured to receive an input from a userthat a “notes” and/or “discuss” option has been selected. Upon userselection at step 511, a notes region is displayed for further input atstep 512. Steps 512 a-512 i provide exemplary input and output/displayoptions for the selected notes and/or user discussion region. In certainembodiments, three regions can be displayed, wherein steps 512 a-512 care associated with a first note region, steps 512 d-512 f areassociated with a second note region, and steps 512 g-512 i areassociated with a third note region. The first note region can includedisplaying a user forum region to output, from memory, text for one orall users (step 512 a), receiving input of text and/or a selection bythe user to post or publish inputted text (step 512 b), and saving theinputted text to memory and displaying the inputted text (step 512 c).The second note region can include receiving user input of a selectionof “like” or “dislike” representation (step 512 d), saving the inputtedselection from step 512 d to memory (step 512 e), and displaying theselection “like” or “dislike” as a depressed visual depiction (step 512f). The third note region can include displaying a text input box oroption for private user notes (step 512 g), receiving user text input(step 512 h), and saving the inputted text to memory for the specificuser providing the input (step 512 i).

Referring now to FIG. 8A, a flow diagram illustrating the steps of thecontrol region of the learn mode is provided. In an embodiment of thepresent invention, control region steps can include receiving an inputto select an audio style associated with an audio output file for thetopic (step 514), saving to memory the selected audio style (step 514a), and displaying a representation that the audio style is selected(step 514 b) (e.g., depressed button depiction). Further, user input canbe received to play the audio (step 515), wherein the software retrievesfrom memory a timed sequence of attributes associated with the audiotrack/file (step 515 a), initiates output playing the audio track/file,and automatically selects or highlights on the display, and deselects orun-highlights on the display, the attributes in sequence with the audiotrack/file (step 515 b).

At step 516, the control region method includes receiving an input fromthe user for “full screen” mode, and displaying the control region andtopic sub-images only, such that the attribute list is not displayed(step 516 a).

At step 517, the control region method includes receiving an inputselection of one of a plurality of confidence meter values, saving theselection to memory for the user providing the input (step 517 a), anddisplaying the selected confidence meter value (step 517 b). Forinstance, each value on the meter can be assigned a different color, orother indicia, such that selection of a numeric value (e.g., values 1 to5) on the meter corresponds with its own color or indicia. The highestnumber on the meter (e.g., value 5) can represent a high level ofcomfort or competency such that selection of that value is associatedwith the color green. A low level of comfort or competency (e.g.,value 1) can be associated with the color red. Users can change theselected value as the level of comfort changes during use and learning,and that value and linked color code can be stored in memory for laterdisplay and/or use by the software. The data stored based on thisconfidence input from the user is displayed and summarized, and isfurther selectable, in each user's profile or dashboard screen, asdetailed herein. Other progress, feedback and/or competency meteringtechniques and processes can be employed as well without deviating fromthe scope of the present invention.

At step 518, the control region method can include receiving an inputselecting the “topic” image, displaying only the sub-image associatedwith the topic (step 518 a) (e.g., removing or hiding from display thesub-images associated with the attributes), receiving a second inputselecting the “topic” image (step 518 b) and displaying the completepictorial mnemonic including the sub-image associated with the topic andeach of the sub-images associated with the corresponding attributes.

At step 519, the control region method can include receiving an input totoggle on and off displaying of the description associated withdisplayed attributes, and saving to memory the selection to display orhide the descriptions when an attribute is selected (step 519 a).

Referring to FIGS. 9-15, screen shots of the software are provided asexemplary illustrations of the “learn mode” operation and softwarefunctionality in use. Various regions are provided and displayed inlearn mode: an image region 520, an attribute or hotspot region 522, amode option region 524 and a control region 526. The mode option region524 displays the operational or functional modes for the software, e.g.,“store,” “library” and “learn” and permits users to toggle back to adifferent mode at any time. Again, other modes of operation (e.g., gameor quiz modes) can be provided in other embodiments of the presentinvention without deviating from the scope of the present invention. Thepictorial mnemonic 521, attribute 523 list and other data can be storedand displayed in any number of ways as would be understood by one ofordinary skill in the art.

The image region 520 is configured to display the pictorial mnemonic 521and corresponding sub-images 525, including the topic image (e.g., pickin a man's knee, for Neimann-Pick disease). The attribute region 522 isconfigured to display one or more of the key facts or textual attributes530 corresponding with the pictorial mnemonic 521. One or more such keyfacts or attributes 530 can be displayed in the attribute region 522 andeach generally corresponds to a respective sub-image 525 within thepictorial mnemonic of the image region 520.

The image region 520 and the attribute region 522 combine to define thecontent or learning “card” 540 that can resemble a virtual flashcard. Inuse, each card 540 can include a visual representation of the contenttopic, and an interactive demonstration that can include audio and/orvideo output to assist the user in learning the content. The interactivedemonstration can begin automatically via software initiation (retrievedfrom memory) once the user clicks on or selects a particular card 540,or can begin upon an independent input selection by the user, asdescribed herein. Further, multiple cards can be selected from thelibrary database via user input (e.g., checkbox selection) such that aplurality of cards are queued in memory for selective or sequentialdisplay (e.g., sequential, user selected, generated randomly, etc.) inthe learn mode.

The attribute region 522 can include various sub-regions displayed bythe software. For instance, a summary select 532 region and a notesselect 533 region can be displayed proximate the attribute items 530, orelsewhere on the displayed card 540. These selects 532 can be selectedby user input. Once the user selects the summary select 532, a newsummary page 534 of detailed information on the content topic isdisplayed. The summary page 534 can be displayed in the image region 520(FIG. 15), on a separate page or card, in a separate pop-up window, orusing other various techniques and processes. The summary page 534 caninclude and display a detailed textual summary of the topic, a list ofrelevant study references, relevant curricula, graphics, images, asmaller display of all of the sub-images, audio file links, video filelinks, like topic categories, etc. The notes select 533 region providesexemplary input and output/display options for user notes relating toindividual stacks or cards, public and private, as disclosed in greaterdetail herein.

The exemplary pictorial mnemonic card 540 of FIG. 10 provides thefollowing list of attributes 530 for the topic, “Niemann-Pick disease:”

-   -   1. Increase prevalence in Jewish populations    -   2. Sphingomyelinase    -   3. Cherry red macula    -   4. Hepatosplenomegaly    -   5. Neurodegeneration    -   6. Foam cells

In this example, the attributes 530 are symptoms that are related to themedical card topic 540, Niemann-Pick disease. Each of the attributes 530or symptoms is visually represented with a sub-image 525 in thepictorial mnemonic 521 for the disease. For instance, the “cherry redmacula” attribute 530 can correspond with a sub-image 525 of a pair ofcherries in a man's eyes, the “foam cells” attribute 530 can correspondto a sub-image 525 of foam coming from the man's mouth, and the“sphingomyelinase” attribute 530 can correspond to a sub-image 525 of asphinx on the man's leg, to promote memory retention and learning.

In various embodiments, as demonstrated in FIG. 11, user input (e.g.,clicking or selecting a single attribute 530) can result in highlightdisplaying of the corresponding sub-image 525 for that attribute 530such that it visually stands out from the remaining sub-images.Alternatively, the other non-selected attributes/sub-images can betemporarily removed from the displayed image region 520. Further,additional textual data 527, such as summaries, definitions and/orextended explanations, can be displayed adjacent or proximate thehighlighted sub-image. The data 527 can include additional details onthe selected sub-image 525 to further assist the user in learning thetopic content, or particular attribute, to promote memory retention.Various methods, techniques and programmable display steps can beimplemented to highlight or otherwise emphasize a selected attribute 530and correspondingly linked sub-image 525.

The control region 526 provides a plurality of user-selectable optionson the display screen which can be adapted to control or otherwiseselectively display or highlight, and thereby review, the card content.For instance, in various embodiments of the present invention, thecontrol region 526 can include an incremental select 526 a, a soundselect 526 b, a play/pause select 526 c, an audio select 526 d, adefinitions select 526 e, a topic select 526 f, a status/confidenceselect 526 g, and a card selection input 526 h. Each of these selectableinputs can be displayed on the screen in the learn mode using icons,text or like indicia and, again, are selectable by the user using aninput mouse, a touch interface input, audio input, a keystroke, etc.

The incremental select 526 a can include arrows, such that selection bythe user sequentially progresses through (e.g., up or down, forward orbackward) and displayingly highlights at least one of the attributes 530and a corresponding sub-image 525 linked to that attribute 530 inmemory. The sound select 526 b provides sound control, such as a virtualslider or dial, for increasing or decreasing the volume of the audiooutput initiated during the learn mode. The play/pause select 526 c isadapted to initiate (e.g., from the beginning of the audio or at thelast point of pause) the playing of a media file or track, such as avideo or an audio file, stored in memory. In certain embodiments, themedia file is an audio file that outputs a summary of the card topic,and details of each of the attributes 530 and correspondingly linkedsub-images 525. As the audio output progresses, the attributes 530and/or sub-images 525 being referenced in the audio at a given time canbe highlighted or otherwise emphasized by the computer on the display tostand out on the display screen relative to the other remainingattributes 530 and sub-images 525.

The audio input 526 d can provide a user-selectable option to choose thetype of audio to be outputted. For instance, a “classic” audio icon orindicia can be selected by the user to output a more traditional oracademic explanation of the attributes 530 and sub-images 525 of thecard 540—wherein the audio is more directed to the topic subject andfacts than the creative mnemonic images. A “creative” audio icon orindicia can be selected by the user to output a creative audioexplanation of the card topic, explaining via a creative story line ofthe sub-images 525 of the pictorial mnemonic—wherein the audio is moredirected to the sub-mages than the attributes. The audio input 526 dselection by the user dictates which version of the audio output isplayed from computer memory when the play/pause input 526 c is selected.

The topic select 526 f provides users an input option to display onlythe sub-image associated with the broader topic, e.g., by removing orhiding from display the sub-images associated with the individualattributes, as shown in FIG. 13. Receiving a second input of the “topic”select can display the complete pictorial mnemonic including thesub-image associated with the topic and each of the sub-imagesassociated with the corresponding attributes. This topic select featurepermits users to hide or toggle on/off sub-images to facilitate studyingand, thereby, providing a focused test or challenge scenario in thelearn mode.

The status/confidence select 526 g displays a plurality of confidencemeter values or indicia. In certain embodiments, each value on the metercan be assigned a different color such that selection of a numeric value(e.g., values 1 to 5) on the meter corresponds with its own color. Thehighest number on the meter (e.g., value 5) can represent a high levelof comfort or competency with the topic and attributes such thatselection of that value is associated with the color green. A low levelof comfort or competency (e.g., value 1) can be associated with thecolor red. Users can change the selected value as the level of comfortchanges during use of the learn mode, and that value and linked colorcode can be stored in memory for later display or use by the software inother modes or with other features to widely track, store, process anddisplay progress.

The card selection input 526 h displays input options for the user toselect or sequentially run through the cards stored in memory for theparticular learn mode session. In certain embodiments user inputdisplays a list of available cards. In other embodiments arrows or likeindicia are displayed and user input sequentially progresses through thecards, forward or backward.

A screen selection input 526 i is displayed such that user inputdisplays only the control region and the topic sub-images (e.g., in alarger image region 520), such that the attribute list is generally notdisplayed, as shown in FIG. 12. This method of material presentationfurther assists studying efforts. FIG. 14 shows an exemplary embodimentof the present invention, with the learn mode displayed full screen(input 526 i selected), and one of the sub-images selected (cherry redmacula). Further, the definitions select 526 e is toggled on via userinput to display additional details and information regarding thesub-image and/or corresponding attribute.

Game/Quiz Mode

Referring generally to FIGS. 16-19, users can use and engage with thesoftware in preparation for exams, or simply to determine subject andtopic retention in a game mode method 600. The users will be able toreinforce the complex concepts and images they are absorbing throughthis interactive game or quiz. Topic attributes can drive the game play,with users selecting all of the cards in a selection containing adisplayed attribute. The game will test speed of recall and overallmemory, while storing and processing clear connections between concepts.The game reflects diagnostic practices common in medicine, and otherfields. The game scenario aspect of the software can permit multipleplayers to compete against one another, or assist one anothercooperatively.

In various embodiments, a plurality of cards (e.g., six) are displayedon the screen in a grid region 602, without the corresponding pictorialmnemonics displayed, as shown in FIG. 16. Each of these cards candisplay topic text 604 in a quadrant or portion of the grid region 602,indicating the title or identifier of the topic (e.g., Krabbe's disease,Niemann-Pick disease, Tay-Sachs disease, etc.). An attribute region 606can display an attribute that is the subject of the test. The attributecan be further displayed across portions of the grid region (FIG. 17) incertain embodiments. A user can compare the attribute identified ordisplayed in the region 606 (e.g., cherry red macula) and select viainput the correct topic from the grid region 602 associated with theattribute, as depicted in FIG. 18. As a result of the input received forthe selected topic in the grid region 602, an image of the topic andcorresponding sub-images (e.g., the full pictorial mnemonic) 608 can bedisplayed, and an image, audio or other output can confirm whether theuser selection was correct or incorrect. For instance, as shown in FIG.18, the disease topic “Niemann-Pick disease” was correctly selected asthe topic associated with the attribute “cherry red macula” for thatparticular quiz question. In situations where the user needs assistance,the user can select via input a hint selection area 610 that can providetext, images, media output, and the like, to provide either subtle orconclusive hints.

The game sessions can be timed in minutes and seconds to providefeedback to the users on how well they have mastered the material, andwhere they might need to spend more time with certain material andtopics in the learn mode. Various scoring methods and scales can beemployed and displayed based on the number of correct and incorrectanswers provided by the user during the game session. One or morenavigation options 612 (e.g., arrows) can be displayed to allow the userto provide input to navigate through the attributes, and/or shuffle thecard topics in the grid region 602.

FIG. 19 shows an embodiment of the present invention in game mode 600,wherein the general category of topics is displayed in an identifierregion 614, the topics are displayed in the grid region 602, and a timer616, a score 618, and a hint option 610 is displayed in a trackingregion 616.

FIGS. 20-21 are images of learn mode screens in use, displayingnon-medical content topics, sub-images, and attributes, in accordancewith exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

In certain embodiments, user performance on one or more quizzes, andother user information, such as completed stacks and cards, andconfidence meter summaries and details, can be saved and displayed, forthe user (e.g., in the dashboard or user profile storage) of for anadministrator.

While various embodiments have been described above, it should beunderstood that they have been presented by way of example only, and notlimitation. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present disclosure shouldnot be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments.Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in allpossible variations thereof is encompassed by the disclosure unlessotherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

Additionally, while the methods described above and illustrated in thedrawings are shown as a sequence of steps, this was done solely for thesake of illustration. Accordingly, it is contemplated that some stepsmay be added, some steps may be omitted, the order of steps may bere-arranged, and some steps may be performed in parallel.

It will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art thatmany modifications and equivalent arrangements can be made thereofwithout departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure,such scope to be accorded the broadest interpretation of the appendedclaims so as to encompass all equivalent structures and products.

For purposes of interpreting the claims for the present invention, it isexpressly intended that the provisions of Section 112, sixth paragraphof 35 U.S.C. are not to be invoked unless the specific terms “means for”or “step for” are recited in a claim.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for providing a learning aid usingpictorial mnemonics, comprising: providing a library database includinga plurality of content topics each assigned one or more sub-images andone or more fact attributes, wherein at least two of the content topicsinclude a common sub-image; generating a topic selection of at least oneof the plurality of content topics; displaying a plurality of factattributes associated with the topic selection; receiving an input onthe user device including a selection of at least one of the pluralityof fact attributes; and processing whether the input received on theuser device is associated with a correct answer.
 2. The method of claim1, further including displaying a selectable hint region.
 3. The methodof claim 1, further including providing a timed mode.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, wherein generating the topic selection includes automaticallygenerating the topic selection.
 5. The method of claim 1, whereingenerating the topic selection includes a user inputted selection. 6.The method of claim 1, further including processing the input receivedon the user device to determine topic competency.
 7. The method of claim1, further including displaying a selectable user dashboard option. 8.The method of claim 1, further including displaying the commonsub-image.
 9. The method of claim 1, further including automaticallygenerating the plurality of fact attributes.
 10. A system for providinga learning aid using a pictorial mnemonic, comprising: a processor; anon-transitory memory coupled to the processor, including a librarydatabase including a plurality of content topics each assigned one ormore sub-images and one or more attributes, wherein at least two of thecontent topics include a common sub-image; an input device coupled tothe processor; an output device coupled to the processor; and whereinthe processor is configured to: generate a topic selection of at leastone of the plurality of content topics; display a plurality ofattributes associated with the topic selection; receive an input on theinput device including a selection of at least one of the plurality ofattributes; and determine whether the input received on the input deviceis associated with a correct answer.
 11. The system of claim 10, whereinthe processor is further configured to display a selectable hint region.12. The system of claim 10, wherein the processor is further configuredto display a timed mode.
 13. The system of claim 10, wherein theprocessor is configured to display the common sub-image.
 14. The systemof claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to display a selectableuser dashboard.
 15. The system of claim 10, wherein at least theprocessor is provided with a user computing device.
 16. The system ofclaim 10, wherein at least the processor is provided with a mobile usercomputing device.
 17. The system of claim 10, wherein the processor isconfigured to automatically generate the plurality of attributes. 18.The system of claim 10, wherein the processor is configured toautomatically generate the topic selection.
 19. The system of claim 10,wherein the processor is configured to generate the topic selectionbased on a selection input from the input device.
 20. The system ofclaim 10, wherein the processor is configured to process the inputreceived on the input device to determine topic competency.